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How does a Stepper Motor Work
Stepper Motors, or as otherwise called Step Motors are classified as a brushless DC motor but as such do not operate that way. They are more akin to Synchronous AC motors. Just applying a DC voltage to one of its coils will not cause it to rotate (well maybe a small lurch); so for operational purposes we need to consider what actually causes the shaft to rotate. In a Stepper Motor both the Stator (Field) and the Rotor (armature) have “Teeth”. These teeth form poles of the magnetic field. The rotating armature is constructed of multi pole permanent magnets while the Stator is constructed of coils around shaped steel laminations. As a current is applied to a coil, the field causes a set of stator & rotor teeth to align and the shaft moves.
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